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    Traders of african is a pan-africa company that source for and supply various products offline for buyers.
    we have soybean available for sale.!

    0_1551874769539_B1149765312.jpg

    Contact us on 081003477196 for more details. thanks.

    posted in Agriculture read more
  • N
    Nairadays

    Traders of african is a pan-africa company that source for and supply various products offline for buyers.
    we have soybean available for sale.!

    0_1551874769539_B1149765312.jpg

    Contact us on 081003477196 for more details. thanks.

    posted in Agriculture read more
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    As the curtain draws close on the 2019 Presidential/NASS elections with congratulatory messages raining in on the winners and losers being urged to be magnanimous in defeat, we will like to take a look at some of the highlights of the just concluded elections. So, here are six (5) things we learnt from the exercise:

    Low participation
    One thing that was obvious across board was the low turn-outs of registered voters at different polling stations. It is estimated that, barring the voters who were disenfranchised in one way or the other, about 35% of the 84,004,084 registered voters participated in the election. This means that less than half of the electorate partook in a process that eventually determined the political destiny of a nation as vast as ours. Well, retrospectively, one cannot but consider that the sudden last-minute rescheduling of the election [from February 16 to February 23] could have taken its toil on the response of the electorate. Nonetheless, there is no ruling out the fact that a host of legible voters seemed to be disinterested in partaking in the process as they did not have faith in any of the top aspirants thus choosing to tread the path of abstinence. At the end, the February 23 Presidential/NASS election was greeted by poor turn-out.

    The third force that never was
    The likes of Omoyele Sowore, Kingsley Moghalu, Fela Durotoye and some others did their bit – or may be gave their best shot – but it was never going to be enough. We all knew beforehand that each of them will not be able to stand up to the crowd-pulling capability of the top two (political parties/presidential aspirants) but they deserve some commendation for staying in the race to the very end. And though we may not know the impact their collaborative effort might have generated but it was certain that, some Nigerians would have very much appreciated the existence of a third force that is capable of shaking the political landscape for the emergence of a new Nigeria – the third force was just a daydream at the end.
    That said, I do not think we have to wait for years to see that third force. As the saying goes, “the journey of a thousand mile begins with a single (purposeful) step”; these individuals have started something and now is not the time for them to hole up. They have got to make attempts to remain relevant in Nigeria’s political schematics; becoming notable and constructive oppositions [through their party platforms] with an overarching objective of contributing to nation-building. More so, they got to devote time, effort and resources towards the advancement of politics at the grass-root level. Having a third force [that is well-founded and proactive] could be essential in ensuring that we do not towards becoming a one-party state especially at the centre.

    Democracy under siege?
    Democracy avails the citizens of a nation the opportunity to choose their leaders without any impedance. As such, it is imperative that the necessary machinery be set in place to ensure that people freely express their opinions through the vote they cast without nursing fears. However, seeing people scampering about for safety as they were faced with threats while at the polling unit coupled with the burning of sensitive electoral materials and hearing of the discrepancies that trailed the past electoral exercise does auger ill for our democracy – there is an attack on the democratic process. Plus, I wonder if the obsessive power mongers – the political desperadoes – will ever embrace the tenet of fair play as we often see in the game of football.

    The Northern and Southern divide
    The presidential election showed us that Nigerians are highly divided along ethnic lines even when it comes to issues of national development. While the top two presidential aspirants are of northern origin, their running mates came from different geographical zones, and one could see [from the voting trend] that this played a part in swaying voters. But this is not to say that there were no few remnants who were out to vote for national development. However, it has to be stressed that there is a need for Nigerians to look beyond ethnicity in such a matter like deciding who takes over the mantle of leadership. National development is only going to be possible if we, as a people, stand together in unison – maintaining a good bond – to speak against the ills of our leaders as we chart the course for a new Nigeria.

    Upset is possible in the Nigerian political space
    We have also seen some upsets in the just concluded election. The major talking point is, of course, about the Senate President, Dr. Bukola Saraki who lost his constituency’s mandate, having been upstaged by a certain Dr. Ibrahim Oloriegbe of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Another one (upset) is Governor Abiola Ajimobi’s loss to Mr. Bolaji Tunji while vying for the Oyo South Senatorial District seat. Also, the likes of senators George Akume, Godswill Akpabio and Andy Ubah were taken to the cleaners in their bid to claim a seat in the 9th Senate. Looking at the other side of the coin, that these top politicians failed in their ambition goes to show the people’s need for a change. The people might have succeeded in passing a message that performance trumps personality/name to these veteran political stakeholders. Additionally, I feel the umpire (that is, INEC) deserves some commendation for allowing event follow due course in this respect.

    The Presidential/NASS election might have come and gone but with the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) presidential candidate, Alhaji Atiku Abubakar rejecting the results, most recently tabling his demands to the Abdulsalami led peace committee and looking to go to the tribunal, more drama could unfold in the days ahead. In the meantime, it is hoped that, with President Muhammadu Buhari retaining the seat of power, the next level promised will be an all-inclusive nation-building [and nation-bonding] drive that put the interest of the masses first above other sentiments.

    Note: These are the personal opinions of the Writer.

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    Section 254 A (i) of the CFRN (third alteration) Act established the NIC of Nigeria.

    Composition of National Industrial Court – The president and such other number of judges as may be prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly

    Constitution of National Industrial Court – one judge or a panel of three judges as may be directed by the president of the court.

    Appointment to National Industrial Court – appointed by the President on recommendation of NJC and senate confirmation. Other judges are appointed by President and on recommendation of NJC – section 254 B (1) & (2).

    Qualification for National Industrial Court – qualified to practice as a legal practitioner and has been so qualified for a period not less than 10 years and has considerable knowledge and experience in the law and practice of industrial relations and employment conditions in Nigeria.

    Jurisdiction of National Industrial Court – section 254 C. The jurisdiction of the NIC has to do with employment conditions and industrial relations, labour. It covers Factories Act, Trade Dispute Act, Trade Union Act, Labour Act, Employees’ Compensation Act, International Conventions relating to labour, employment, workplace, industrial relations or matters connected therewith, chapter IV as it relates to employment, labour, industrial relation, trade unionism, employer’s association. The jurisdiction of the NIC is extant notwithstanding the jurisdiction of the Federal High Court, High Court of States and High Court of FCT.

    In case of dispute involving federal government and its employees, the cases of NEPA v. EDEGBERO, KRPC LTD v. ONUORAH should be used in determining which court between the Federal High Court and NIC has jurisdiction. The question of jurisdiction is very important as a court without jurisdiction hearing a matter would amount to effort in nullity.

    Where a court lacks jurisdiction and party bring a matter before it, it can lead to abuse of court process, also non-professionalism and show of incompetence in the legal practitioner. It can lead to delay of justice. It can make the subject matter of action statute barred.

    Parties cannot by themselves confer jurisdiction on a court. If a counsel brings an action to the wrong court and the court denied jurisdiction and the case becomes statute barred, the legal practitioner has breached the rules of RPC on competency – Rule 16 RPC.

    The legal practitioner can be sued for negligence which amounts to professional misconduct. RULE 14(5) RPC.

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    The Court of Appeal, for election to the office of the president and vice president. This is an election tribunal for the purpose of elections and appeal from it lies to the Supreme Court.

    The National and State House of Assembly election tribunal as contained in section 1 of the CFRN (second alteration) Act, sixth schedule.

    Composition – is a chairman and two other members. The chairman shall be a judge of a High Court and other members (two) shall be appointed from judges of a High Court, kadis of a Sharia Court of Appeal, or judges of a Customary court or other members of the judiciary not below the rank of a chief magistrate. Section 1(2) CFRN (second alteration) Act.

    Appointment – the chairman and other members are appointed by the president of the Court of Appeal in consultation with the chief judge of the state, grand kadi of the Sharia Court of Appeal of the state or the president of the Customary Court of Appeal of the state. Appeal from the National and State House of Assembly lie to the Court of Appeal and ends there – section 7(3) CFRN (second alteration).

    The governorship election tribunal has the same as the National and State House of Assembly in section 2 of CFRN (second alteration) Act. Appeal from the governorship election tribunal lie to the Court of Appeal and then to the Supreme Court. Section 6(2)(e)(vi) CFRN (second alteration) Act. It is the only election tribunal that enjoys two appeals.

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    The jurisdiction of the Magistrate court has a flat rate. In Lagos state under the Magistrate Court Law, the flat rate is N10, 000, 000 (ten million). Their jurisdiction is in the following areas

    • Personal actions arising from tort and contracts
    • Action between landlord and tenant for possession
    • Action for recovery of any penalty, rates, expenses etc
    • Appointment of guardian ad litem
    • Power to grant injunctions

    A Magistrate court would have jurisdiction when excess of claim is abandoned. It does not have jurisdiction in issue of title to land or any interest in land; issue as to the validity of devise, bequest or limitation under any will or settlement.

    District courts have civil jurisdiction in north. The Sharia Court of Appeal must be established for the FCT but for other states, it is optional. Same for Customary Court of Appeal.

    Customary and Area Courts
    In the south, it is the Customary court. In Lagos state, the AG of Lagos state is empowered under the Customary Court Law to establish a single grade of customary court. The Customary court has jurisdiction over persons who are subject to customary law. In the north, appeal lie from upper Area court to Sharia Court of Appeal.. The jurisdiction of the Area court is subject to that contained in the warrant establishing it.

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    Section 270(1) CFRN, 1999 creates a High Court for each state and section 255(1) CFRN, 1999 create the High Court of the FCT.

    Composition of States High Court – a chief judge and such number of judges as prescribed by law of the House of Assembly of that state or Act of National Assembly for FCT.

    Constitution of States High Court – at least one judge of the court. If the state high court is more than one judge then all the judges must be judge of the state high court. This is the decision of Oloriegbe v. Omotosho.

    Appointment to State High Courts – chief judge is appointed by the governor on recommendation of NJC and confirmation by the House of Assembly of the state. For other judges, no need of confirmation by House of Assembly – section 271(1)(a) & (b) CFRN 1999.

    Qualification to State High Court – at least 10 years at bar.

    Jurisdiction – subject to section 251, 254 of the third alteration of the CFRN, 1999. The National Industrial Court and Federal High Court are courts of enumerated jurisdiction. Thus once a matter is not within the jurisdiction of the state high court. Despite the restriction on the jurisdiction of the state, it is still the court with largest jurisdiction. Once jurisdiction given to other court is not specify to be exclusive, it share concurrent jurisdiction with such court. Original jurisdiction relate to wills, title to land inter alia. It has appellate jurisdiction to hear matter from the Magistrate (south) or District (north) and supervisory jurisdiction over Customary and Area courts.

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    Section 249 (1) of CFRN, 1999 created the Federal High Court.

    Composition – a chief judge and such other number of judges as prescribed by the Act of National Assembly.. section 249(2) CFRN 1999.

    Constitution – section 253 CFRN at least one judge

    Appointment – section 250, same as Court of Appeal

    Qualification – at least 10 years at the bar.

    Jurisdiction – section 251(1) (a)-(s) CFRN, 1999. In addition to other jurisdiction to be conferred by an Act of National Assembly, it has exclusive jurisdiction in the following matters

    • Revenue of the government of the federation whether it or its organ as a plaintiff or defendant.

    • Taxation of a company, bodies established to carry on business and persons subject to federal tax. Companies Income tax – Federal High Court; Personal Income Tax – state of residence; residents of Abuja are subject to federal taxation but those in other states, Personal Income Tax.

    • Customs, excise duties, export duties, claim against Nigeria Customs Service or any member or office relating to performance of their duties.

    • Banking, bank, other financial institution. Action between bank and bank. Action against CBN relating to final measures. However, no exclusive jurisdiction as between transaction involving a customer and his bank. There is a difference between banking policy and transaction (concurrent with State High Court), policy-mergers, revocation of banking license, capital, examination of banks, fiscal measures are within the exclusive jurisdiction of Federal High Court.

    • Operation of CAMA or any law replacing CAMA. For instance, removal of a director by Federal High Court

    • Any law on intellectual property, copyright, patents, business name, trade mark, industrial designs.

    • Admiralty matter, shipping, carriage by sea, River Niger, River Benue, other inland waterways designated to be international waterways, federal ports.

    • Diplomatic, consular and trade representation

    • Citizenship, deportation, extradition, immigration, emigration, nationalization

    • Bankruptcy and insolvency

    • Aviation and safety of aircraft

    • Arms, ammunition, explosives

    • Drugs and poisons

    • Mines and minerals

    • Weights and measures

    • Interpretation of the constitution that affect federal government or any of its agencies.

    • Action, declaration, injunction affecting validity of executive or administrative

    • Such other exclusive civil jurisdiction to be conferred on it by an Act of National Assembly.

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    Section 237(1) CFRN creates the Court of Appeal

    Composition - President of the CA plus not less than 49 is outdated provision, as at the last time there is a bill before the National Assembly proposing at least 89 justices - President plus 89 justices with at least 3 learned in Islamic law and 3 in Customary law.

    Constitution: At least 3 in exercising an original jurisdiction and in appeal from Sharia Court of Appeal or Customary Court of Appeal, 3 justices learned in Islamic personal law or customary law as the case may be. Section 247(1)(a)&(b) CFRN.

    Qualification: At least 12 years at the bar.
    Jurisdiction: The Court of Appeal has both original and appellate jurisdiction. Original jurisdiction - section 239(1)

    • Valid election to the office of the president/vice president.
    • The term of office of president/vice president has ceased
    • The office of the president/vice president has become vacant.

    Appellate jurisdiction - section 240 of CFRN

    • State High Court
    • Federal High Court
    • High Court of FCT
    • Customary Court of Appeal of a state
    • Court martial
    • Sharia Court of Appeal of FCT and a State
    • National Industrial Court
    • National and State House of Assembly Election Tribunals
    • Governorship Election Tribunal
    • Code of Conduct Buruea Tribunal.

    By virtue of the second alteration to the 1999 constitution, in section 246(3) the decision of the Court of Appeal in respect of appeals arising from the National and State Houses of Assembly Election petition Tribunal shall be final. Also, the decisions in respect of civil appeals from the NIC is final. Section 243(4)

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    Non-governmental organizations are usually set up with the intention of contributing to the development of communities. They are always out to solve challenges that might have left people [within their area of influence] in poor conditions. However, there are a number of factors that could limit the impact of an NGO, and one of such is finance. The fact that NGOs are not established for profit-making purposes could even make the financial burden hard to bear thus leading to its closure. And it is for the reason of sustaining the activities of different NGOs that some funders exist.

    So, besides the humanitarian aids and/or philanthropic donations that may come from individual partners, families, friends and some private organizations, you [as an NGO] can get help from the following international funders:

    Oak Foundation
    Oak Foundation is committed to providing funds for organizations that have the drive to better the lives of others within the society particularly in the areas of human rights, child abuse, humanitarian reliefs, issues of environmental concerns amongst other pressing concerns. The foundation makes funds in the region of over US$180 million available annually for different projects. And while a host of their programmes is specific to certain regions or countries, openings still exist for other non-governmental organizations around the world especially developing nations. Visit Oak Fund Website to find out more.

    The Nippon Foundation
    Japan-based foundation devotes funds to an array of projects that are tailored towards alleviating various concerns. NGOs, in this part of the world, that are dedicated to raising awareness on leprosy and eliminating the stigmatization [that is often attached to the disease] as well as those advancing the cause food security and human capacity building can benefit from the support provided by this foundation. Also, groups [and individuals] that direct their focus on the sustainability of the ocean may also get some help from the Nippon foundation’s programs for global ocean issues. More information at Nippon's Website

    Stars Foundation
    Stars foundation’s ultimate goal is to put smile on the faces of underprivileged children and young people, and it hopes to reach about 20 million people by the year 2020. The foundation works with and provide support for registered non-governmental organisations that share its vision across the globe. More so, it aims to address issues such as child trafficking, child marriage and every form of child abuse in general. Visit http://www.starsfoundation.org.uk

    United Nations Human Rights Commission (voluntary trust fund on contemporary forms of slavery)
    The Human Rights arm of the United Nations provides support for NGOs catering to the social, legal, empowerment and medical needs of individuals whose freedom has been ruinously encroached upon in any way – for instance, forced marriage, slavery, forced labour and suchlike. The call for proposal is currently open and you can read more about this at https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/slavery/unvtfcfs/pages/whatthefundis.aspx

    Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA)
    Advocacy groups within the country [or those outside its border] with great interest in promoting the rule of law, anti-corruption fight, freedom of expression, equality, good governance, and sustainability of democratic process within the West African region may look to OSIWA for some assistance. More information available at www.osiwa.org.

    Suez Foundation
    Suez foundation focuses on attending to certain basic – water and sanitary needs in particular – and social needs of the underprivileged in different communities across the developing world. More importantly, the foundation tends to direct its resources towards the actualisation of sustainable development goals (SDG). It partners with NGOs that are in tune with this vision, and is open to receiving request for proposal at any time of the year. Read more on Suez foundation’s mission and vision, and how to solicit for fund at https://www.suez.com/en/who-we-are/A-committed-group/The-Fondation-SUEZ.

    Abilis Foundation
    Abilis foundation is keen on protecting the interest of persons with disabilities. By working with other organisations, it aims to preserve the rights of this set of individuals, and also ensure that they are empowered to the extent of living an independent life. NGOs with this shared vision can go to www.abilis.fi/en/to check out the foundation’s activities.

    Air Liquide Foundation
    Through its micro-initiative program, Air Liquide Foundation provides funds – not more than 8,000 euros – for registered NGOs as well as other bodies that come up with projects within the scope of its (Air Liquide Foundation’s) vision. The core areas of concern are environmental protection, health, science education and local community development. Link up with the foundation at https://www.fondationairliquide.com/en/one-foundation-four-missions

    Addax and Oryx Foundation
    This foundation which was established back in 2006, has a mandate to tackle the root causes of poverty in developing nations. It acts to give assistance to small non-governmental and non-profit organizations that work in line with this objective. Plus, it aims to achieve its set goals by empowering people through education; ensuring access to adequate healthcare and promoting sound community development. NGOs with ambition to cater to the needs of the underprivileged within the community can connect with Addax and Oryx Foundation via www.addax-oryx-foundation.org/en/the-foundation/our-mission.php

    Van Tienhoven Foundation
    Conservation of the ecosystem and endangered species is something that is often confined to the classrooms – rather than the fields – in this part of the world. As such, NGOs that are into upholding this cause may not get enough support on the home-front. This is however where the Van Tienhoven Foundation may come in. The foundation provides financial assistance to the tune of 10,000 euros for organizations that are dedicated to the aforementioned objective. Visit: www.vantienhovenfoundation.com/content.php

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