CLASS: SS 1
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY PERIODS: 2
DURATION: 45 MINUTES
TOPIC: ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT
SUBTOPIC 1: TYPES OF ASSOCIATION
SUBTOPIC 2: INTRASPECIES AND INTERSPECIES COMPETITION
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: STUDENTS AND FAMILIAR WITH THE
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES: At The End Of The Period(s), students should be able to:
Period 1: Recognise the types of association existing between different species
Period 2: Identify beneficial harmful and neutral forms of association among organisms. Recognize the features of organisms of an association
REFERENCES:
Essential biology for senior secondary schools by M.C. Michael 130-135.Modern Biology for senior secondary schools Pg. 88-89.
CONTENT
Living organisms interact or associate with one another mainly through food relationships. These types of biological associations may be beneficial, harmful or neutral. The types of association include:
- Symbiosis: This refers to any close and prolonged living together or association of two or more organisms of different species. The partners may be consumer-producer, consumer-saprophytes, producer-saprophytes or all consumers. It may be harmful (parasitism), neutral (commensalism) or beneficial (mutualism).
Examples of commensalism include remora fish and sherk, oyster and crab, man and intestinal bacteria. Examples of symbiosis include Algae and fungi in lichen, protozoa in termite intestine, nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules of leguminous plants, flowers and insects, bacteria in rumen of ruminant animals, cattle and tick eating birds. Examples of parasitism include mistotle and flowering plants, man and tapeworm, fungi parasites and plants.
- Predation: An association between two different species in which one (the predator) kills the other (the prey) and directly feed on it. The predator is usually larger in size and stronger than the prey. Examples hawk and domestic fowl chicks, lion and zebra, eagle and rabbit, snake and moue etc
- Competition: Involves association or interaction between two organisms of the same species (intra species) or different species (interspecies) in which one outgrows the other and survies while the other can neither grow nor survive.
Competition usually arise as a result of limited environmental resources like food, nutrients, gases, light, space, water and mates. Examples include flowering plants and grasses, crop plants and weeds, domestic fowl and the young chickens.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Pictures showing different animals.
TEACHING METHODS PROCEDURES.
Step I: Teacher revise last topic with the students
Step II: Teacher introduce the new topic by mentioning the type of association
Step III: Teacher cites examples of each association
Step IV: Teacher allows students to ask question and write notes under content on the board.
CLASSWORK:
Period 1: Students mention the types of association found among living organisms.
Period 2: Students give examples of the different types of association
EVALUATION
Period 1: Give two examples each of the following biological association (a) predation (b) competition
Period 2: What is intraspecies competition?
SUMMARY: Teacher summarizes the topic, marks the students notes and make correction where necessary.
ASSIGNMENT(S):
Period 1: Write short notes on (a) symbiosis (b) parasitism
Period 2: State and explain two examples of association involving the symbiosis and parasitism.